TYPE 3

 TYPE 3

 

Shape

In type 3 conditional sentences, the tense in the if clause is the past perfect and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional.

 

As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to adjust pronouns and punctuation marks when changing clause order, but the meaning is the same.

 

example 

• If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
• You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
• You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
• If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
• I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before
  
• If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.

 

 Function

Type 3 conditionals refer to past probable conditions and possible past outcomes. These sentences are completely assumptive and unreal because it is too late to do so now and the outcome is impossible. There is always implication of regret in type 3 conditional sentences. The reality is the opposite of what the sentence states. In type 3 conditional sentences, the time is past and the situation is presupposed or not real.

example

• If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (Tetapi, saya tidak bekerja keras dan saya tidak lulus ujian.)
• If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake. (Tetapi, saya tidak tahu dan saya tidak memanggang kue.)
• I would have been happy if you had called me on my birthday. (Tetapi, Anda tidak menelepon saya dan saya tidak senang.)

 In type 3 conditional sentences, you can also use modal in the main clause instead of would to state the degree of certainty, permission, or recommendation regarding the outcome or outcome.
 

Example
 

• If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam.
• You could have been on time if you had caught the bus.
• If he called you, you could go.
• If you bought my school supplies for me, I might be able to go to the park.

 

 Contraction

Both would and had can be shortened to 'd, which can be confusing if you are not sure about using type 3 conditional sentences. Remember 2 rules:

1. Would never appear in the if clause, so if 'd appears in the if clause, it must be short for had.
2. Had never appears before have, so if 'd appears in front of the pronoun right before have, it must be an abbreviation of would.

Example

• If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you.
• If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
• I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.
• I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.
• If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have written to you.
• If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to you.

 

 Perfect conditional tense

The perfect conditional of any verb consists of three elements:
would + have + past participle
Have followed by a past participle is also used in other patterns. This pattern is called the "perfect infinitive".